The Enterprise Connectivity Glossary

In a hyper-connected world, mastering technical vocabulary is essential for making the right infrastructure decisions. Wifirst, the expert B2B operator, decodes the key terms of telecommunications, WiFi, and cybersecurity for you.

A - E

802.1X (Authentication)

Definition: A network security standard that controls access to wired or wireless networks. It requires the user or device to authenticate (via certificate or credentials) before obtaining an IP address.

Wifirst Expertise: We implement 802.1X for corporate networks (Corporate SSID) to ensure that only authorised employees access sensitive resources, eliminating the security risks associated with shared passwords.

Access Point (AP)

Definition: A networking hardware device that allows wireless devices (laptops, smartphones, IoT) to connect to a wired local area network (LAN). It acts as a central transmitter and receiver of radio signals.

Wifirst Expertise: In professional environments, the quality of an AP is measured not just by its power, but by its capacity to manage "High Density" (many simultaneous users) without saturation. ➔ See our Managed WiFi Solutions

Bandwidth vs Throughput

Definition: Bandwidth is the maximum theoretical capacity of a transmission link, whereas throughput is the actual amount of data successfully transmitted at a given moment.

Wifirst Expertise: This is why we always speak of "guaranteed throughput" or "real-world speeds" in our audits. The theoretical bandwidth advertised on consumer routers is rarely achieved in actual conditions.

Band Steering

Definition: A technique used in dual-band WiFi networks to automatically direct devices to the less congested 5GHz or 6GHz bands, leaving the 2.4GHz band for older devices or IoT.

Wifirst Expertise: Our algorithms automatically steer your devices to the best available frequency to decongest the network and improve user experience.

Backbone

Definition: The core part of a high-speed computer network that interconnects different local area networks (LANs) or sub-networks. It carries the bulk of global internet traffic.

Wifirst Expertise: As a B2B operator, we own our core network backbone interconnected with major exchange points (Peering) to guarantee minimal latency for our clients.

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)

Definition: A wireless communication technology designed for very low power consumption, often integrated into modern WiFi APs to communicate with IoT devices or enable indoor geolocation.

Wifirst Expertise: We activate BLE on our APs to enable advanced use cases: smart locks in hospitality or Asset Tracking in logistics.

BYOD (Bring Your Own Device)

Definition: The practice of allowing employees or students to use their personal devices (smartphones, laptops) on the organisation's network.

Wifirst Expertise: BYOD can be a security nightmare if managed poorly. Our solutions isolate these personal devices so they can access the Internet without compromising the internal corporate network.

CAPEX / OPEX

Definition: Financial distinction between Capital Expenditure (CAPEX - buying hardware upfront) and Operational Expenditure (OPEX - ongoing service subscription).

Wifirst Expertise: Our "WiFi as a Service" model allows companies to shift from CAPEX to OPEX. You preserve your cash flow: we invest in the infrastructure, and you pay an all-inclusive monthly service fee.

Cloud Controller

Definition: Software hosted in the cloud that allows for the configuration, management, and updating of all network equipment (APs, switches) remotely via a single web interface.

Wifirst Expertise: This is the brain of our supervision. It allows us to deploy security updates to 10,000 sites simultaneously without sending a single technician to site.

Dark Fibre

Definition: Unlit fibre optic cable (without active electronics) leased to a company that "lights" it up using its own equipment.

Wifirst Expertise: Used to interconnect buildings on a single campus or Data Centres, providing virtually unlimited transmission capacity and total security.

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

Definition: A network protocol that automatically assigns IP addresses and other network configuration parameters to devices connecting to a network.

Wifirst Expertise: On high-density networks (stadiums, campuses), an undersized DHCP server causes connection failures. Our servers are calibrated to manage thousands of simultaneous leases.

DNS (Domain Name System)

Definition: The service that translates domain names (e.g., google.com) into IP addresses that computers can understand.

Wifirst Expertise: We use redundant, high-speed DNS servers to accelerate web browsing and filter requests to malicious sites (DNS filtering).

Edge Computing

Definition: A method of processing data near the edge of the network (close to the user), rather than in a centralised cloud, to reduce latency.

Wifirst Expertise: Our architectures integrate local intelligence into equipment to process certain tasks without going back to the core network, optimising the responsiveness of IoT applications.

F - L

Failover

Definition: The capacity of a network to switch automatically and instantly to a backup connection (e.g., 4G/5G) in the event of a failure of the primary line (Fibre).

Wifirst Expertise: A key feature of our SD-WAN offers for Retail, ensuring that payment terminals (PDQ/POS) continue to function even if a digger cuts the fibre in the street.

Firewall as a Service (FWaaS)

Definition: A cloud-based firewall solution that filters network traffic to protect companies against cyber threats, without requiring complex physical appliances to be maintained at every site.

Wifirst Expertise: For multi-site businesses (Retail, Hospitality), FWaaS allows a uniform security policy to be applied instantly across hundreds of locations. ➔ Discover our Cybersecurity offer

Frequency Band (2.4GHz / 5GHz / 6GHz)

Definition: The radio waves on which WiFi travels. 2.4GHz travels far but is congested; 5GHz is faster but penetrates walls less effectively; 6GHz (WiFi 6E) is the ultra-fast highway with no interference.

Wifirst Expertise: Our "Band Steering" algorithms automatically direct your devices to the best available frequency to decongest the network.

FTTO (Fibre To The Office)

Definition: FTTO is a dedicated point-to-point fibre optic architecture. Unlike FTTH (shared), the fibre connects the optical node directly to the client site, without sharing bandwidth with neighbours.

Wifirst Expertise: FTTO is the only technology that guarantees 100% symmetric speeds and a 4-hour SLA (Service Level Agreement) for repairs. ➔ Learn more about Enterprise Fibre

Full Duplex

Definition: The ability of a system to transmit and receive data simultaneously (like a telephone conversation), as opposed to Half Duplex (like a walkie-talkie).

Wifirst Expertise: Our switches and fibre links operate in Full Duplex to avoid packet collisions and double the efficiency of data transfer.

GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network)

Definition: A point-to-multipoint fibre network architecture using passive splitters. It is the standard technology for bringing fibre into rooms (Fibre to the Room) or homes.

Wifirst Expertise: In hospitality or student accommodation, GPON allows TV, Telephone, and ultra-high-speed Internet to be delivered via a single fibre, drastically reducing copper cabling.

Heatmap (WiFi Coverage Map)

Definition: A graphical representation of WiFi coverage on a floor plan. It visualises signal strength, interference, and dead zones using a colour code.

Wifirst Expertise: A predictive heatmap is generated before any deployment to determine the ideal placement of APs. We then perform an active on-site survey to validate real-world performance.

Interference (Co-channel / Adjacent)

Definition: Disruption of the WiFi signal caused by other electronic devices or other WiFi networks broadcasting on the same or a nearby channel.

Wifirst Expertise: Our APs constantly scan the radio environment to dynamically change channels and avoid invisible "traffic jams" created by neighbouring WiFi networks.

IoT (Internet of Things)

Definition: The interconnection of physical objects (thermostats, cameras, sensors) to the Internet.

Wifirst Expertise: We deploy dedicated IoT networks (separated from client traffic) to allow smart buildings to function without compromising the security of the main network.

IP Address (Internet Protocol)

Definition: A unique identification number assigned to every device connected to a computer network. It is the digital equivalent of a postal address. We distinguish IPv4 (current standard) from IPv6 (new generation), as well as "Static" IPs (never change) from "Dynamic" ones.

Wifirst Expertise: As an operator, we provide public Static IPs to secure your remote access (VPN, cameras, servers). On public WiFi networks, we manage addressing complexity while ensuring legal traceability (IP/User matching) required by data retention laws.

IPsec (Internet Protocol Security)

Definition: A suite of protocols using cryptography to secure data exchange over an IP network (often used for VPNs).

Wifirst Expertise: The standard we use to interconnect your sites securely, creating an encrypted tunnel that is impenetrable to hackers.

LAN (Local Area Network)

Definition: A computer network connecting equipment (computers, servers) within a limited geographical area via Ethernet cables.

Wifirst Expertise: High-performance WiFi is useless without a robust LAN. We offer unified "LAN + WiFi" architectures to master end-to-end performance.

Latency (Ping)

Definition: The delay (in milliseconds) required for a data packet to travel from the source to the destination and back.

Wifirst Expertise: Latency is critical for real-time uses like VoIP or video conferencing. Our routing is optimised to reduce this delay to a minimum.

Link Aggregation

Definition: A technique consisting of combining multiple network connections (e.g., two fibre or copper links) to increase total bandwidth and ensure redundancy in case one link fails.

Wifirst Expertise: Essential for critical sites (Headquarters, large hotels), our aggregation technology ensures service continuity with no visible interruption for the user.

Load Balancing

Definition: The intelligent distribution of network traffic across multiple paths or servers to optimise resource use and avoid overload.

Wifirst Expertise: On heavily loaded WiFi networks, we balance users across different APs in a zone so that no one experiences slowness, even during peak hours.

Logs (Connection Logs)

Definition: Journal files recording technical activity on the network (who connected, when, with which IP).

Wifirst Expertise: As a registered operator, we have a legal obligation to retain this data for the authorities (e.g., Investigatory Powers Act), relieving our clients of this heavy legal responsibility.

M - R

MAC Address

Definition: A unique physical identifier burned into the network card of every device (computer, smartphone). Unlike an IP, it typically does not change.

Wifirst Expertise: We use MAC filtering or handle "MAC Randomization" to recognise a returning user in a hotel or store and automatically reconnect them without a captive portal.

Managed WiFi (WiFi as a Service)

Definition: Complete outsourcing of the wireless network where a company entrusts an operator with the design, installation, security, and maintenance of its WiFi.

Wifirst Expertise: This model transforms a complex investment (CAPEX) into an all-inclusive service (OPEX). You no longer manage obsolescence or outages: that is our responsibility.

Mesh Network

Definition: A network topology where WiFi APs communicate with each other wirelessly to extend coverage without needing an Ethernet cable for every AP.

Wifirst Expertise: Useful in areas difficult to cable (historic buildings, outdoors), we use Mesh sparingly to avoid degrading latency, always preferring wired backhaul when possible.

MSP (Managed Service Provider)

Definition: An IT provider that manages a client's IT infrastructure and systems remotely, on a proactive subscription model.

Wifirst Expertise: We are more than an operator; we are an MSP specialised in connectivity. We don't just sell pipes; we sell the guarantee that the service works.

MU-MIMO (Multi-User Multiple Input Multiple Output)

Definition: WiFi technology allowing an AP to communicate with multiple devices simultaneously, rather than one after the other.

Wifirst Expertise: Essential in "High Density" environments (auditoriums, lobbies) to reduce data wait times and smooth out the user experience.

NAC (Network Access Control)

Definition: A security solution that controls access to the network based on device compliance (antivirus updated, OS patched) and user identity.

Wifirst Expertise: For corporate HQs, our NAC ensures that no "infected" or unknown device can connect and compromise the rest of the IT fleet.

NOC (Network Operations Center)

Definition: The command centre where technical teams supervise, monitor, and maintain telecommunications infrastructure 24/7.

Wifirst Expertise: Wifirst operates its own NOC. Our monitoring tools detect anomalies (e.g., disconnected AP) and allow us to intervene proactively, often before the client even notices.

OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access)

Definition: Key WiFi 6 technology that slices a radio channel into smaller sub-channels to serve multiple clients at once within a single data packet.

Wifirst Expertise: This is the technology that allows us to guarantee low latency even when 50 people launch a video simultaneously in a conference room.

Pass-through (VPN Pass-through)

Definition: Router feature allowing outbound VPN traffic from users (e.g., for remote work) to pass through without being blocked.

Wifirst Expertise: In hospitality or student accommodation, our networks are configured by default to support all corporate VPN protocols, allowing your customers to work remotely without friction.

Peer-to-Peer (P2P)

Definition: A network model where data is exchanged directly between computers without passing through a central server. Often associated with file sharing.

Wifirst Expertise: While often blocked in corporate settings, we intelligently manage P2P in student accommodation to prevent it from saturating bandwidth at the expense of regular web browsing.

PoE / PoE+ (Power over Ethernet)

Definition: Technology allowing electrical power to be carried in the same RJ45 cable as data.

Wifirst Expertise: This simplifies deployment and reduces installation costs: no need to run a power socket to the ceiling to install a WiFi AP.

QoS (Quality of Service)

Definition: QoS refers to mechanisms that allow for the prioritisation of certain data flows over others on the same network to avoid congestion.

Wifirst Expertise: We configure our networks to give absolute priority to critical uses (VoIP, payment terminals) over comfort uses (streaming) to guarantee business continuity.

Redundancy

Definition: The duplication of critical components (internet links, routers, power supplies) to eliminate Single Points of Failure (SPOF).

Wifirst Expertise: Our core network is fully redundant. If one piece of equipment fails, another takes over immediately. This is the foundation of our high availability.

Roaming

Definition: The ability of a wireless client to move from one AP to another without disconnecting (handover).

Wifirst Expertise: Thanks to 802.11k/v/r standards, our networks allow you to walk from one end of a warehouse or hotel to the other on a VoIP call without a single dropout.

Room Area Network (RAN)

Definition: Technology allowing for the creation of a private, secure mini-network for each room (hotel, student accommodation) within a collective WiFi infrastructure.

Wifirst Expertise: This allows residents to have their devices communicate with each other (Chromecast, printer) just like at home, in total security.

Router

Definition: Interconnection equipment that routes packets between two different networks (e.g., your LAN and the Internet).

Wifirst Expertise: We deploy robust professional routers capable of handling encryption, filtering, and routing for thousands of simultaneous sessions, far beyond the capabilities of a standard "Home Box".

S - Z

SD-WAN (Software-Defined Wide Area Network)

Definition: Virtual network architecture allowing for intelligent management of WAN traffic. It can aggregate multiple links (Fibre, 4G/5G) to optimise performance and redundancy.

Wifirst Expertise: SD-WAN is the ultimate tool for Retail, allowing automatic failover to a backup 4G/5G line if the fibre is cut, thus saving revenue. ➔ Discover Wifirst SD-WAN

Site Survey (WiFi Audit)

Definition: Technical intervention consisting of analysing the physical environment (walls, materials, interference) to define the optimal placement of WiFi Access Points.

Wifirst Expertise: We never place an AP at random. Our "AP-on-a-stick" surveys guarantee 100% coverage and seamless roaming, even in historic or complex buildings.

SLA (Service Level Agreement)

Definition: A contract defining the expected level of service quality (availability rate, response time) between a provider and their client.

Wifirst Expertise: We financially commit to these results. If the guaranteed availability rate is not met, penalties apply.

Smart Building

Definition: A building integrating technical management systems (lighting, HVAC, access) connected to the network to optimise consumption and comfort.

Wifirst Expertise: The Wifirst network becomes the unified backbone of the smart building, connecting not only humans but also technical infrastructure.

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)

Definition: Protocol allowing for the remote monitoring of network equipment status (temperature, traffic, errors).

Wifirst Expertise: Our SNMP probes send alerts to our NOC in real-time. We often know an AP is overheating before it even fails.

SSID (Service Set Identifier)

Definition: The technical name of a WiFi network visible to devices. An AP can broadcast multiple SSIDs (Multi-SSID).

Wifirst Expertise: We use Multi-SSID to segment uses: an open "Guest" SSID for visitors, a secure "Staff" SSID for employees, and a hidden "IoT" SSID for connected devices.

SSO (Single Sign-On)

Definition: Authentication system allowing a user to access multiple applications or networks with a single set of credentials.

Wifirst Expertise: We integrate our captive portals with company systems (LDAP/AD/SAML). An employee connects to the WiFi using their usual Windows credentials.

Stacking

Definition: Method of connecting multiple switches so they operate as a single logical entity, simplifying management and increasing inter-switch bandwidth.

Wifirst Expertise: We use stacking in patch panels to offer resilience and ease of administration on large sites.

Switch

Definition: A multi-port device that connects different segments of a local network (cables coming from wall sockets and WiFi APs) and directs data to the right destination.

Wifirst Expertise: We deploy exclusively managed switches (L2/L3) and PoE, capable of powering APs and prioritising critical flows (Voice, Video VLANs).

Symmetric Bandwidth

Definition: An internet connection where upload speed is strictly equal to download speed.

Wifirst Expertise: Unlike asymmetric consumer offers, our FTTO links guarantee perfect symmetry, a prerequisite for video conferencing, Cloud Computing, and sending large files.

Trunk SIP

Definition: A virtual link allowing telephone calls (Voice) to transit via the IP protocol (Internet) instead of the traditional switched telephone network (PSTN).

Wifirst Expertise: By converging voice and data on our fibre links, we allow companies to remove their obsolete and expensive telephone subscriptions.

VPN Tunnel / GRE

Definition: Encapsulation method allowing for the creation of a private virtual link across a public network (Internet).

Wifirst Expertise: We use these tunnels to "extend" the network of our multi-site clients, allowing a branch in Manchester to print to the server in London as if it were in the next room.

VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network)

Definition: Technology allowing a physical network to be logically sliced into multiple distinct and isolated networks for security reasons.

Wifirst Expertise: We use VLANs to hermetically isolate your client traffic (Guest) from your company traffic (Corporate), guaranteeing maximum security.

WiFi 6 / 6E / 7

Definition: Latest wireless communication standards (802.11ax/be) bringing higher speeds, better density management, and reduced latency.

Wifirst Expertise: We deploy these standards to future-proof our clients' investments and guarantee compatibility with future devices.

WiFi Calling (VoWiFi)

Definition: Technology allowing standard mobile calls and SMS to be sent via the WiFi network when the mobile signal (4G/5G) is weak inside buildings.

Wifirst Expertise: Our networks are optimised to allow the necessary IPSec flows for VoWiFi to pass, solving indoor mobile coverage issues without installing expensive 4G antennas.

WiFi Repeater

Definition: Consumer device that picks up the WiFi signal and re-broadcasts it further. It generally halves the throughput.

Wifirst Expertise: We ban simple repeaters in professional environments. We install additional wired Access Points to extend coverage without performance loss.

WPA3 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 3)

Definition: Latest security standard for WiFi network encryption, replacing WPA2. It makes password hacking significantly harder.

Wifirst Expertise: We deploy WPA3-Enterprise to ensure the highest possible level of encryption against Brute Force attacks and eavesdropping.

ZTP (Zero Touch Provisioning)

Definition: Process allowing network equipment to configure itself automatically upon connection, without manual on-site intervention.

Wifirst Expertise: Thanks to ZTP, we can send a replacement AP to a client: they plug it in, it downloads its config from our Cloud, and works immediately.